According to Xinhua News Agency’s “Xinhua International” client report, since this year, Europe has encountered the largest refugee crisis since World War II.Foreign refugees have continued to impact Europe, and they are intensifying.Economic and social issues and humanitarian crises caused by refugee trend have become difficult to bear in some European countries.
The 3 -year -old Syrian refugee Alan Kurdi’s death of the death of the beach in Turkey shocked the world and attracted more attention to the problem of refugee.How did refugees form?What is the difference between refugees and immigrants?What is the current situation of global refugees?Xinhua International combs these issues here.
[Refugees and its causes]
In a broad sense, refugees refer to those who have no place to live in due to natural disasters or human disasters.Refugees in the strict sense are jointly defined by the United Nations Convention on the Refugee Status and the Protocol on Refugee Status in 1967.
According to the reasons that cause refugees, the international community usually divides the refugees into the following four types:
Political refugees: refers to people who are afraid of being persecuted because of race, religion, nationality, belonging to a social group or have some political opinions.
The status of political refugees has been widely recognized by the international community. They can basically obtain the corresponding refugee status in the shelter, and the various rights as a refugee can be relatively good.
War refugees: It refers to the public order in its country or all territory due to foreign aggression, occupation, foreign rule or their domestic war, which is severely disrupted and unable to survive, and thus is forced to leave their indigenous land to other people who go to other people or other countries.Including the displacement caused by war reasons.
Due to the intervention of Western countries such as the United States, the Syrian crisis broke out and triggered civil war in 2011, which led to more than 4 million people escape from Syria and became refugees. These refugees belonged to war refugees.
Although war refugees have always been the mainstream of refugees, they have not been included in the protection of the above conventions for various reasons.In this way, some war refugees cannot obtain refugee positions through normal channels, and can only use other reasons to obtain refugee positions from the United Nations refugee agency or residency to apply for refugees.
Economic refugees: Mainly refers to those who are forced to migrate for economic reasons that they cannot survive in their original residence, including those who fled to the border of the neighboring country and those who were displaced in their own country.
Economic refugees are usually regarded as illegal refugees or illegal immigrants by relevant countries, and they are deported or returned to China.As the scope of war and regional conflict is getting wider and wider.The difference between war refugees and economic refugees has become increasingly not obvious.
Environmental refugees: In the report of the United Nations Environmental Planning Department, the environmental refugees are defined as: due to significant environmental destruction (natural or artificial), threatening people’s survival or seriously affect their quality of life, and they are forced to temporarily or permanently leave their originalsPeople in the place of residence.
Environmental refugees are mainly divided into: disaster -type refugees (can also be divided into natural disasters and technical disasters), land acquisition refugees (can also be divided into ecological extinction caused by economic development and war) and environmental degraded refugees.So far, environmental refugees have not been included in the protection scope of the International Covenant.
[The difference between refugees and immigrants]
The key difference between refugees and immigrants is that immigrants may be those who go to other countries to seek opportunities for the poor economic state. They are not escaping their personal safety.The refugees were forced to escape to other countries when their personal safety could not be guaranteed.
[Status of Global Refugees]
The United Nations Refugee Agency released a report entitled “Global Trends of the Global Trends of the Freshman in 2014” in Geneva on June 18, 2015.The report shows that as of the end of 2014, the number of disposted in the world reached 59.5 million, an increase of 8.3 million over the previous year, which is almost doubled from 10 years ago.EssenceAmong all the displaced people, about 19.5 million people are refugees.
If people who are in a state of loses from the end of last year are gathered into a country, then this country will be the world’s population ranking 24th.
The report shows that about 42,000 people were forced to escape from their hometown every day in 2014, which was 4 times that of 4 years ago.In this year, there were only 126,000 refugees who could have the opportunity to return to their hometown, which was the least in 31 years.
In 2014, the fastest -growing area of the global refugee was Europe, and a total of nearly 220,000 people across the Mediterranean sneaked into Europe, which was more than three times that of the 2011 peak.
The country with the largest number of refugees in the world is Türkiye, and a total of 1.59 million refugees are accepted
The country with the largest number of refugees in the world is Syria, followed by Afghanistan and Somalia. The number of refugees from these three countries account for more than half of the global total refugees.
The country with the highest proportion of refugees worldwide is Lebanese, and 232 people are refugees per 1,000 people.
The report also shows that more than half of the refugees are under 18 years of age, and only about half of them have the opportunity to receive elementary education, and only 1%of the eventually go to college.
[The way to solve the problem of refugee]
The problem of refugee is one of the important issues facing the international community today. It not only plagues countries that produce refugees, but also have a great impact on areas where refugees are flowing into the area and the entire world.Today, with the continuous development of globalization, the problem of refugee is no longer a problem in a country and a region, but a global issue facing the international community.
At present, there are three main ways to solve the problem of refugee in the world: the first and the most ideal way is that the refugees choose to return to China voluntarily, the premise that the domestic environment must be good and stable.But unfortunately, this is rare.The second is to integrate on the spot, which is to allow the refugees to be properly arranged in the shelter.The third is to reorganize the refugee to the third country.
