The establishment of the imperial examination system
During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the power of the world declined, and the forces of cold gate gradually rose.Hanmen Scholes strongly demanded participation in politics. The Jiupinzhongzhi system has been criticized, and the inspection system has attracted the attention of people, especially the method of testing scholars is increasingly welcomed by scholars.In order to control the power of the selection of scholars, the rulers expand the foundation of the rule, and continue to select talents through examinations, in the process, the imperial examination system has begun to sprout.
In the Sui Dynasty in 589 AD, the situation of the division of the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties ended, and China reunified again.After the Sui Dynasty unified China, in order to strengthen centralization and consolidate the unity, a series of reforms were carried out in politics, economy, and culture. The first thing that started was the reform of the selection system that was closely related to the official system.To strengthen the centralization of central power, we must focus on the power of the selection of talents in the hands of the central government; to consolidate the rule, we must maximize the net and intellectuals to provide them with opportunities for participation in politics;A large number of talents who adapt to the needs of feudal unified politics are served as officials at all levels.In this way, the inspection system manipulated by local officials and the “nine grades in the middle system” manipulated by the scholars obviously could not meet the requirements of the times.By 606 AD, Emperor Sui Yang began to settle in the Department of Studios, marking the establishment of the imperial examination system.The Tang Cheng Sui system, selected talents with the section of examinations, has gradually become customized. Songs, Yuan, Ming, Qing, and Qing Dynasty have been attacked. It has been implemented in Chinese history for 1300 years, which has a significant impact on education.
The imperial examination system is a huge improvement in the selection system system.There are no objective standards and disadvantages of the scholars’ power.The imperial examination system is different from that of the inspection system and the nine products. It is not tied to the door and openly recruit exams for the whole society to provide equal competitive opportunities for each scholar.And through strict exams, the survival of the fittest is implemented.Although there are some disadvantages of the content and methods of the exam, there is an objective standard after all.The establishment and implementation of the imperial examination system has strengthened the centralized centralization, consolidated unity, opened the door to the small and medium -sized landlords, effectively entered the vast number of small and medium landlords, greatly reduced the factors of social instability, strengthened the foundation of the rule;The country has selected many excellent talents, which has improved the level of government governance, adding vitality and vitality to the feudal countries; mobilizing the enthusiasm of studying Confucian classics throughout the society, promoting the spread and popularity of Confucianism, and promoting the unity of ideas.The enthusiasm of the vast number of small and medium landlords has greatly mobilized the enthusiasm of the majority of small and medium -sized landlords, the enthusiasm of local officials, and the teaching of the society.Various schools are booming.The imperial examination system is like a command stick with magical power, making education completely a vassal of imperial examinations.Teachers ‘teachings, students’ learning are for imperial examinations.In order to deal with the strategy, the candidates edited the old strategy to recite. When they encountered similar test questions, they applied it according to the same way.Therefore, the content method of education is completely consistent with the content and methods of the imperial examinations, so that education has become a preparation activity of the imperial examinations, and it is accompanied by the imperial examinations.The establishment and implementation of the imperial examination system is very significant on the role and impact of Chinese feudal politics and cultural education.Qin, Han, Wei, Jin, Northern and Northern Dynasties, the Sui and Tang dynasties, the feudal society in China from the establishment of the feudal society from the establishment to prosperity, and the period when the feudal education system in my country has gradually established, developed, and complete.The feudal rulers have gone through a difficult and twisting process from “Burning Books and Confucianism” to “Confucian Confucianism”.Home”.Because Confucianism is suitable for the national conditions of Chinese feudal society, it is respected by the ruler of the past generations. Even in the Wei, Jin, Northern and Southern Dynasties, it was strongly impacted by the Buddha and Tao.Rule of dominance.Under the guidance of the “Confucian Confucianism” culture and education policy, the feudal education system has also been complete from the establishment of this period.The feudal education system that is paid to palace and private science has been established.There are also some new developments in educational ideas, such as educational value theory, moral education theory, talent concept, teacher view, and family education.The selection system has also been explored by the Han Dynasty’s inspection system to the nine products of the nine products of the Wei, Jin, and Northern and Southern Dynasties, and established the imperial examination system by the Sui and Tang dynasties.The evolution process of the selection system is a process of gradually concentrating on scholars’ rights, continuous strengthening of examination factors, increasingly objective selection standards, and equal opportunities for ingenuity.
The formation of the trend of practical education, the dawn of modern education
The history of more than 500 years in the Ming and Qing Dynasties (before the Opium War) was an important historical stage in the history of feudal social development in my country.During this period, the struggle of anti -sealingism with farmers as the main body had reached a new level. Coupled with the invasion of imperialism, the political and economic situation became increasingly complicated.In order to maintain the feudal class rule, the ruling class respects Cheng Zhu Lixue, and adopts eight -stranders to implement ideological and cultural education. From the setting of schools, to the content of education and teaching, and the management of teachers and students, they are full of rich feudal colors.During this period, educational ideas are also quite active.Cheng Zhu Lixue is dominant in education, but in practice, it is increasingly rigid, empty, and empty, and has been violently criticized by progressive thinkers and educators.The “Heart Study” school headed by Wang Yangming, to make up for the disadvantages, propose “mind is the reason”, and promote the education of “unity of knowledge and action” and “conscience”, which reflects the spirit of Confucian internships.The tendency and humanistic color.After the middle of the Ming Dynasty, with the development of capitalism and the development of the commodity economy, a trend of influential practical education was formed. The thinkers and educators who advocated practical education with Wang Fuzhi and Yan Yuan were launched moreFierce attack.They advocated “practical learning” and “practical”, cultivated talents who “use the world”, and actively put into practice, so that education in this period has faintly exposed the dawn of modern education.It can be said that this new educational thinking and its education practice is an important enlightenment and promotion of the political change and education innovation of Chinese old democraticism from traditional education to modern education.
It can be seen that the reform of the continuous progress of ancient education has also been limited by the emperor, and the unity of unified thinking is deeply affected by the infinite possibilities of education.It also truly solves the infinite possibilities of education. It is found to explore, analyzes everything from a real perspective, and uses the previous ancient wisdom as if standing on the shoulders of the giant to quickly accumulate modern scientific theory.
The true future benefits from the Internet. This is the new era of human civilization. In the era of interconnection, it has turned impossible to become reality and promotes education to greatly improve education. Education is infinite and infinite.Communication, different regional cultural and humanistic characteristics, different individual ideas that collide with each other, communicate and learn, and have knowledge sharing quickly and effective. Education has ushered in the most important period of transformation.
The future of education is also interconnection. Everyone participates in everyone as a teacher. First of all, it must be a highly associated and perfocent smart world.Secondly, creative thinking will show greater value.Because knowledge in any field can be quickly retrieved and learned quickly on the Internet. Mastering a certain kind of knowledge is no longer unique, and only independent thinking is valuable.At present, the video audio text has been spread, virtual reality technology has gradually taken shape, and future education has disruptive changes. Assume that virtual reality is formed, you can imagine that consciousness is like a real environment, virtual classrooms, and you can’t go out to travel to the world.Three -dimensional three -dimensional, education is not only limited to regional humanistic influences, and the improvement of human overall learning level is also promoting the development of social science. From the era of traditional manual to the era of steam, and through the age of electrical appliances, it is now entering the era of interconnection.In the era, everyone is an educator in this era. The three people must have our teacher. The dream of one person is far more than the future of a group of people.
Science and technology are the first productive forces, the most essential state of exploring the real objects, and using the creation. This is not what a generation can be cast. Even for generations, education is the inheritance of knowledge, and the future of education is the future.
